Aprotinin is a bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) inhibitor which inhibits trypsin and chymotrypsin with Kis of 0.06 pM and 9 nM, respectively.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
Custom Peptide Synthesis
Aprotinin Chemical Structure
CAS No. : 9087-70-1
This product is a controlled substance and not for sale in your territory.
Based on 11 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Aprotinin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in:
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2017 Dec 1;313(6):C632-C643.
[Abstract]
Effects of protease inhibitor PIC, a serine protease inhibitor AEBSF and trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors Aprotinin (Aprot, 0.1 mM) on PRR cleavage induced by BSA in HK-2 cells.
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Description
Aprotinin is a bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) inhibitor which inhibits trypsin and chymotrypsin with Kis of 0.06 pM and 9 nM, respectively.
IC50 & Target
Ki: 0.06 pM (Trypsin), 9 nM (Chymotrypsin)[1]
In Vitro
Aprotinin, a serine protease inhibitor isolated from bovine lung, is a complex protease inhibitor that is an antifibrinolytic, inhibits contact activation, and decreases the inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass[2]. Aprotinin inhibits trypsin (bovine, Ki= 0.06 pM), chymotrypsin (bovine, Ki= 9 nM), plasmin (human, 0.23 nM)[1]. Aprotinin is also a competitive protein inhibitor of NOS activity. It inhibits NOS-I and NOS-II with Ki values of 50 μM and 78 μM, respectively[3]. Aprotinin significantly inhibits fibrinolysis with an IC50 of 0.16±0.05 μM[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Aprotinin Related Antibodies
In Vivo
High dose aprotinin can reduce blood loss and transfusion requirements associated with primary cardiac procedures such as coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) or heart valve replacement surgery[5]. Aprotinin inhibits thrombus formation in a dose-dependent manner. Aprotinin at a dose of 1.5 mg kg-1 (bolus) and 3 mg kg-1 h-1 infusion (maintenance infusion) causes a tendency towards a reduction in bleeding time. Aprotinin significantly reduces the bleeding time starting at a dose of 3 mg kg-1 bolus plus 6 mg kg-1 h-1 showing a reduction of approximately 84%±2.9%. At the highest dose of 5 mg kg-1 and 10 mg kg-1 h-1, the strongest effects are observed[4]. Aprotinin may affect tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) levels. Soluble TNFRI levels are significantly increased following I/R in the aprotinin treated wild type mice and not detected in all TNFRInull mice[6].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
DMSO : 66.67 mg/mL (10.24 mM; ultrasonic and adjust pH to 3 with HCl; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Preparing Stock Solutions
ConcentrationSolventMass
1 mg
5 mg
10 mg
1 mM
0.1536 mL
0.7679 mL
1.5358 mL
5 mM
0.0307 mL
0.1536 mL
0.3072 mL
10 mM
0.0154 mL
0.0768 mL
0.1536 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
*Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
*
Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution,
then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2
In Vivo:
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly.
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time. The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution.
If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation,
heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Protocol 1
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 50 mg/mL (7.68 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
Dosage
mg/kg
Animal weight (per animal)
g
Dosing volume (per animal)
μL
Number of animals
Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration:
mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
[1]. Levy JH, et al. Efficacy and safety of aprotinin in cardiac surgery. Orthopedics. 2004 Jun;27(6 Suppl):s659-62.
[Content Brief]
[2]. Fritz H, et al. Biochemistry and applications of aprotinin, the kallikrein inhibitor from bovine organs. Arzneimittelforschung. 1983;33(4):479-94.
[Content Brief]
[3]. Levy JH, et al. Efficacy and safety of aprotinin in cardiac surgery. Orthopedics. 2004 Jun;27(6 Suppl):s659-62.
[4]. Venturini G, et al. Aprotinin, the first competitive protein inhibitor of NOS activity.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Aug 10;249(1):263-5
[Content Brief]
[5]. Sperzel M, et al. Evaluation of aprotinin and tranexamic acid in different in vitro and in vivo models of fibrinolysis, coagulation and thrombus formation. J Thromb Haemost. 2007 Oct;5(10):2113-8. Epub 2007 Jul 31.
[Content Brief]
[6]. Davis R, et al. Aprotinin. A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in reducing blood loss associated withcardiac surgery. Drugs. 1995 Jun;49(6):954-83.
[Content Brief]
[7]. Sabbagh MJ, et al. Aprotinin exacerbates left ventricular dysfunction after ischemia/reperfusion in mice lacking tumor necrosis factor receptor I. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2008 Oct;52(4):355-62.
[Content Brief]
Animal Administration
[4][6]
Rats: Male Wistar rats (180-220 g) are used in the study. Aprotinin is dissolved in physiological saline. Aprotinin is administered by bolus injection followed by a maintenance infusion. The doses given are 1.5 mg kg-1 and 3 mg kg-1 h-1, 3mg kg-1 and 6 mg kg-1 h-1 up to 5 mg kg-1 and 10 mg kg-1 h-1. Plasma concentrations for the two agents are assessed by pharmacokinetic studies in rats[4].
Mice: An intact mouse model of ischemia/reperfusion (30 min-I/60 min-R) is used and left ventricular peak + dP/dt is measured in wild type mice (WT, C57BL/6; n=10), WT mice with aprotinin (4mL/kg; n=10), transgenic mice devoid of the TNFRI (TNFRInull; n=10), and TNFRInull with aprotinin (n=10)[6].
MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
References
[1]. Levy JH, et al. Efficacy and safety of aprotinin in cardiac surgery. Orthopedics. 2004 Jun;27(6 Suppl):s659-62.
[Content Brief]
[2]. Fritz H, et al. Biochemistry and applications of aprotinin, the kallikrein inhibitor from bovine organs. Arzneimittelforschung. 1983;33(4):479-94.
[Content Brief]
[3]. Levy JH, et al. Efficacy and safety of aprotinin in cardiac surgery. Orthopedics. 2004 Jun;27(6 Suppl):s659-62.
[4]. Venturini G, et al. Aprotinin, the first competitive protein inhibitor of NOS activity.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Aug 10;249(1):263-5
[Content Brief]
[5]. Sperzel M, et al. Evaluation of aprotinin and tranexamic acid in different in vitro and in vivo models of fibrinolysis, coagulation and thrombus formation. J Thromb Haemost. 2007 Oct;5(10):2113-8. Epub 2007 Jul 31.
[Content Brief]
[6]. Davis R, et al. Aprotinin. A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in reducing blood loss associated withcardiac surgery. Drugs. 1995 Jun;49(6):954-83.
[Content Brief]
[7]. Sabbagh MJ, et al. Aprotinin exacerbates left ventricular dysfunction after ischemia/reperfusion in mice lacking tumor necrosis factor receptor I. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2008 Oct;52(4):355-62.
[Content Brief]
[1]. Levy JH, et al. Efficacy and safety of aprotinin in cardiac surgery. Orthopedics. 2004 Jun;27(6 Suppl):s659-62.
[2]. Fritz H, et al. Biochemistry and applications of aprotinin, the kallikrein inhibitor from bovine organs. Arzneimittelforschung. 1983;33(4):479-94.
[3]. Levy JH, et al. Efficacy and safety of aprotinin in cardiac surgery. Orthopedics. 2004 Jun;27(6 Suppl):s659-62.
[4]. Venturini G, et al. Aprotinin, the first competitive protein inhibitor of NOS activity.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Aug 10;249(1):263-5
[5]. Sperzel M, et al. Evaluation of aprotinin and tranexamic acid in different in vitro and in vivo models of fibrinolysis, coagulation and thrombus formation. J Thromb Haemost. 2007 Oct;5(10):2113-8. Epub 2007 Jul 31.
[6]. Davis R, et al. Aprotinin. A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in reducing blood loss associated withcardiac surgery. Drugs. 1995 Jun;49(6):954-83.
[7]. Sabbagh MJ, et al. Aprotinin exacerbates left ventricular dysfunction after ischemia/reperfusion in mice lacking tumor necrosis factor receptor I. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2008 Oct;52(4):355-62.
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
*Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Optional Solvent
ConcentrationSolventMass
1 mg
5 mg
10 mg
25 mg
DMSO / H2O
1 mM
0.1536 mL
0.7679 mL
1.5358 mL
3.8394 mL
5 mM
0.0307 mL
0.1536 mL
0.3072 mL
0.7679 mL
10 mM
0.0154 mL
0.0768 mL
0.1536 mL
0.3839 mL
H2O
15 mM
0.0102 mL
0.0512 mL
0.1024 mL
0.2560 mL
*
Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution,
then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Aprotinin Related Classifications
Help & FAQs
Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.
